1. The nationalists used poor tactics to win the people over --
There are several examples of this, the most prominent one being the "3 All Campaign". This movement by the nationalists proposed to turn the people against the communists in areas that the communists were supported by "killing all, burning all and destroying all"in 1941. They hoped that by murdering peasants, poisoning wells and burning homes they would be able to terrorize the peasants into supporting them, which really just instigated hatred of the nationalists. Other things, such as nationalist treatment of peasants (taking food and supplies, etc) did not endear them to the peasants.
2. Communists effective guerilla tactics --
The Communists, not as well equipped as the Japanese, were compelled to resort to guerilla tactics to win the war. For example, in the Hundred Regiment Battle of 1940 they crippled Japanese roads and traffic by attacking Japan's railway communications through north China.
This was even more helpful because when they were able to drive the Japanese back to Manchuria and then take over the land they had left. Before the war with Japan, the communists used guerilla tactics to combat the nationalists themselves -- for example, they thwarted the first 4 extermination campaigns by luring the Guomindang units into their territory and then suddenly attacked each unit separately, ambushing them.
3. The Nationalists were poorly organized and failed many of their goals --
The Nationalists tried to win the support of the people by passing laws that would help them, but all of these failed. For example, the Rural Service and the New Life Movement. The New Life Movement was regarded as being superficial (dealing with santitation, honesty, etc.). Chinese people felt like this did not deal with medical care, housing, and other pressing social issues. THe R.S. had little effect because it didn't reduce land taxes or help with the famine of 1932-33 which killed more than 2 million. Therefore, the peasants weren't convinced.
Kathleen,
ReplyDeleteThe 3 all campaign was waged by the JAPANESE against the Chinese people.
The communists had a good response to that campaign, I think, which helped them.
You can still use that as a good example, just make sure you know the facts.
Other stuff is detailed, specific and relevant!
Good job!
18/20