Chapter 5: The Great Fatherland War
A)
1.The photograph of the Soviet citizens on page 11 shows people so enthusiastic to see the Nazis that they might have been Germans themselves. As the German soldiers drive through, there are smiling people crowded on the sides of the road, doing the Nazi salute and cheering like they were welcoming their own men.
2.Some Soviet citizens were not treated well under Stalin's reign. Anyone who didn't support communism, or was an “undesirable” – Jews, homosexuals, etc – lived horribly under Stalin. There were also others, such as peasants or farmers, who were forced into collectivization and essentially made no wages or reaped any benefits for their work because the government owned everything. These people probably thought that life under a dictator like Hitler was preferable to life under a dictator like Stalin; or perhaps they were only thinking of the immediate future and were willing to welcome anyone as long as it freed them from Stalin.
3.Based on sources A,C, and D, there are several reasons that the same Nazis the Russians welcomes might have been less welcome a year later. For one, there was the complications to daily life that being invaded by the Germans entailed: Everything that the Germans could use to their advantage had to be hidden or destroyed, which probably made life uncomfortable for the Russians, especially farmers and peasants who had to get rid of food. The invasion of the Nazis essentially forced the Russians to destroy their own country and resources so that the Nazis wouldn't benefit from them; however, then the Russians couldn't either. Source C shows that by a year later, the Nazis were looked at as “Fascist invaders” rather than liberators. The oath talks about “revenge” “for the burning of [their] cities and villages...the murder of [their] children...and the torture and atrocities committed against [their] people.”
B)
1.Stalin was essentially telling his people to destroy everything they had that might be of value to the Germans, even if it was something that the Russians themselves needed. Bread, wheat and petrol should all be destroyed, and the land occupied by enemies must be sabotaged – bridges and roads, telephone and telegraph lines, etc. Stalin basically told his people to destroy their own country.
2.I think that Stalin hoped that he might drive the Nazis out by making conditions unbearable to live in. With the lack of food and supplies, the Nazis would starve and freeze and be unable to move forward with their attack, and the ruination of communication lines and roads would make progression and coordination much harder. Stalin hoped that, given these difficulties, the Germans might give up.
3.a) I think that the lives of the Soviet people would be most negatively affected in the areas wher Stalin's commands were carried out. In addition to most likely being murdered and having their homes destroyed by the Germans, they had no food, no supplies, no methods of communication or transport.
b) I think that the lives of the German soldiers were probably not much better – they wouldn't be able to move easily across the country, and they weren't able to take things from the Russians because the Russians had nothing. However, they did have what Germany supplied them with. On the other hand, the weather made life very difficult, because the ground was either muddy or, when winter came, frozen over. The sub-zero temperatures caused a large number of deaths in the army, and automatic weapons could not be used because of the cold.
C)
1.
The German Invasion of Russia Similar to German Campaigns in Europe:
1.Method of Attack
– Invasion: Destroyed most of the airforce while it was still on the ground, took prisoners and supplies. Occupied major areas such as the Ukraine, the Crimea, all rich farming and industrial areas. Massacred Jews, people taken as slave labor.
2.Length of Campaign
– 1941-1942 until Germany was defeated.
3.Effects on Civilians
– Civilians were massacres, homes burned, villages ruined, people taken as slaves. The people also suffered because of Stalin's “scorched earth” methods.
4.Result of Campaign
– Germany failed, left.
Monday, November 30, 2009
Thursday, November 12, 2009
HW #3
1. Discuss a political cause of WWII that could be related to the reading.
A political cause of WWII related to this reading could be Japan's land-hunger and the weakness of the LN. The invasion of Manchuria shows, for one, the weakness of the League of Nations: Japan was a leading member of the LN, but that didn't stop it from invading one of the other leading members, China. Furthermore, it shows the desire for land that was also a problem with Germany. There wasn't enough genuine desire for peace, and apparently there wasn't enough threat of retribution. All of these things are political problems. No member of the LN wanted to take economic or military sanctions against Japan, so the LN had to try to use persuasion; however, before anything could be done, Japan resigned from the League, rendering it powerless in the situation.
2. Discuss an economic cause of WWII that could be related the the reading.
An economic cause of WWII related to this reading could be Japan's invasion of Manchuria and the LN's inaction. Japan invaded Manchuria in part because of economic things: The "territory is more than three times as large [as Japan]...but [was] inhabited by only one third as many people...its wealth of forestry, minerals and agricultural products [was] also unrivaled elsewhere in the world". Japan had a lot to gain in the long run if it had Manchuria. Britain, one of several nations that essentially "controlled" the LN, would not enforce an economic boycott because Japan would declare war and seize Hong Kong and Singapore, Britain's major ports in Asia. So the LN was unable to do anything because it wasn't truly looking out for world's best interests; it was too controlled by several nations.
3. Discuss an ideological cause of WWII that could be related to the reading.
An ideological cause of WWII that could be related to the reading is Japan, Germany and Italy's hatred of communism. In 1936 the Comintern ordered communists the world over to join with other political parties to help stop the spread of fascism. In response, Germany and Japan signed the Anti-Comintern Pact that said they would oppose Communism and "consult with each other if either was attacked or threatened by the USSR." Italy joined in 1937, which made it so that the 3 most aggressive countries in the 1930s were allied with each other.
4. Answer question A from Chapter 8.
A)
1. I think that the rising sun represents Japan.
2. The dark clouds in the foreground represent the looming threat of Japan's power. Japan claims that their rise is a good thing, with "Asia for the Asians", etc., but for Western powers it is a threat to their sovereignty.
3. I think that the point the cartoonist is trying to make it that Japan's rise, though supposedly a rising sun and a new day, is really bringing war and death and destruction to the world. It begins with the invasion of China, but the dark clouds over the rest of the world and the rays convey that it will spread.
5. Answer question B from Chapter 8.
B)
1. I cannot tell from the picture what is on the family's sled, so I don't know what kind of a family it is.
2. The family was probably leaving Shanghai because of the effects of Japan's Chinese invasion. The living conditions were terrible, because the "looting, rape, torture, murder and pointless destruction", so obviously the family would be trying to get away - perhaps to the countryside where the Chinese Communists were still in power, for the most part. The family would be carrying their possessions because it might be all that was left of what they owned. They probably weren't planning to go back, so they would of course bring what they had left to them.
A political cause of WWII related to this reading could be Japan's land-hunger and the weakness of the LN. The invasion of Manchuria shows, for one, the weakness of the League of Nations: Japan was a leading member of the LN, but that didn't stop it from invading one of the other leading members, China. Furthermore, it shows the desire for land that was also a problem with Germany. There wasn't enough genuine desire for peace, and apparently there wasn't enough threat of retribution. All of these things are political problems. No member of the LN wanted to take economic or military sanctions against Japan, so the LN had to try to use persuasion; however, before anything could be done, Japan resigned from the League, rendering it powerless in the situation.
2. Discuss an economic cause of WWII that could be related the the reading.
An economic cause of WWII related to this reading could be Japan's invasion of Manchuria and the LN's inaction. Japan invaded Manchuria in part because of economic things: The "territory is more than three times as large [as Japan]...but [was] inhabited by only one third as many people...its wealth of forestry, minerals and agricultural products [was] also unrivaled elsewhere in the world". Japan had a lot to gain in the long run if it had Manchuria. Britain, one of several nations that essentially "controlled" the LN, would not enforce an economic boycott because Japan would declare war and seize Hong Kong and Singapore, Britain's major ports in Asia. So the LN was unable to do anything because it wasn't truly looking out for world's best interests; it was too controlled by several nations.
3. Discuss an ideological cause of WWII that could be related to the reading.
An ideological cause of WWII that could be related to the reading is Japan, Germany and Italy's hatred of communism. In 1936 the Comintern ordered communists the world over to join with other political parties to help stop the spread of fascism. In response, Germany and Japan signed the Anti-Comintern Pact that said they would oppose Communism and "consult with each other if either was attacked or threatened by the USSR." Italy joined in 1937, which made it so that the 3 most aggressive countries in the 1930s were allied with each other.
4. Answer question A from Chapter 8.
A)
1. I think that the rising sun represents Japan.
2. The dark clouds in the foreground represent the looming threat of Japan's power. Japan claims that their rise is a good thing, with "Asia for the Asians", etc., but for Western powers it is a threat to their sovereignty.
3. I think that the point the cartoonist is trying to make it that Japan's rise, though supposedly a rising sun and a new day, is really bringing war and death and destruction to the world. It begins with the invasion of China, but the dark clouds over the rest of the world and the rays convey that it will spread.
5. Answer question B from Chapter 8.
B)
1. I cannot tell from the picture what is on the family's sled, so I don't know what kind of a family it is.
2. The family was probably leaving Shanghai because of the effects of Japan's Chinese invasion. The living conditions were terrible, because the "looting, rape, torture, murder and pointless destruction", so obviously the family would be trying to get away - perhaps to the countryside where the Chinese Communists were still in power, for the most part. The family would be carrying their possessions because it might be all that was left of what they owned. They probably weren't planning to go back, so they would of course bring what they had left to them.
Tuesday, October 27, 2009
HW 24
Handout 13:
A)
1. There is good evidence that Hoss was "evil" presented in this chapter. Most persuasive to this argument is his ruthless and coldblooded examination of exterminating the Jews. He talks about more "efficient" ways to kill people, brags about the short time in which they die, and is proud of the fact that his gas chambers can kill up to 2,000 people at a time, rather than only 200. In general, he has a methodical look at genocide that suggests a certain inhumanity.
2. Despite the things he did at Auschwitz, Hoss could be considered not evil because of the indoctrination and propaganda the Nazis used. Jews were dehumanized; it doesn't make it acceptable, but the fact is that Hoss probably truly saw the Jews as less than human and as an actual threat. It's hard to call a person "evil", because if they are doing something it is most likely because they feel it's truly justified. Hoss probably thought he was doing something heroic, something that would save Germany and even the world. Indoctrination and propaganda may be more to blame here than simple "evil".
B)
I don't think I am either an intentionalist or a functionalist, and I think the answer lies somewhere between the two beliefs. I don't think that Hitler was a "weak dictator", but I do believe that he had a lot of his work done by his underlings. He dictated the bigger things (i.e. the extermination of the Jews), but didn't attend to the details. He was in charge, though. I don't know that I believe that Hitler didn't have the intention to kill the Jewish people of Germany. He did use them as scapegoats and breed a lot of hatred for them, but the concentration camps were mostly kept a secret from the public. So this means that HItler either started out with the intention of doing this and with the sincere belief that it was for the better, or he was pushed into it by circumstances, or he was taking some kind of strange psychological vengeance (self hatred complex). IN the end, its hard to answer without knowing Hitler's personal motives.
A)
1. There is good evidence that Hoss was "evil" presented in this chapter. Most persuasive to this argument is his ruthless and coldblooded examination of exterminating the Jews. He talks about more "efficient" ways to kill people, brags about the short time in which they die, and is proud of the fact that his gas chambers can kill up to 2,000 people at a time, rather than only 200. In general, he has a methodical look at genocide that suggests a certain inhumanity.
2. Despite the things he did at Auschwitz, Hoss could be considered not evil because of the indoctrination and propaganda the Nazis used. Jews were dehumanized; it doesn't make it acceptable, but the fact is that Hoss probably truly saw the Jews as less than human and as an actual threat. It's hard to call a person "evil", because if they are doing something it is most likely because they feel it's truly justified. Hoss probably thought he was doing something heroic, something that would save Germany and even the world. Indoctrination and propaganda may be more to blame here than simple "evil".
B)
I don't think I am either an intentionalist or a functionalist, and I think the answer lies somewhere between the two beliefs. I don't think that Hitler was a "weak dictator", but I do believe that he had a lot of his work done by his underlings. He dictated the bigger things (i.e. the extermination of the Jews), but didn't attend to the details. He was in charge, though. I don't know that I believe that Hitler didn't have the intention to kill the Jewish people of Germany. He did use them as scapegoats and breed a lot of hatred for them, but the concentration camps were mostly kept a secret from the public. So this means that HItler either started out with the intention of doing this and with the sincere belief that it was for the better, or he was pushed into it by circumstances, or he was taking some kind of strange psychological vengeance (self hatred complex). IN the end, its hard to answer without knowing Hitler's personal motives.
HW 25
Here's HW 25, pretty simple: Complete questions A-B from Chapter 14.
A)
1. America was a rich, strong nation that could assist Germany's enemies hugely. America had a huge army to deploy against Germany and Japan, and could also assist Britain and Russia, which were both fighting Germany as well. The assistance of America, Russia was able to form a new army that defeated the German army in the battle of Stalingrad, for example. America also joined forces with Britain on D-Day, making raids with bomber plains on German cities.
2. I do think that had Germany not declared war on America, the outcome of WWII might have been significantly different. Up until 1941, when Hitler declared war upon America, he was in control of most of Europe and Germany was doing very well in the war. However, after he declared war on America, he gave his other enemies the means to defeat him. Britain and Russia couldn't have done it themselves, but with America's power and assistance, the three teamed up into a far stronger unit. Without America's contribution, it is plausible that Germany could have defeated Britain and Russia.
B)
I find it hard to argue that NOT killing Hitler would be the "right" thing to do. From the perspective of Stauffenberg, I think it was the right thing to do as well. From the perspective of somebody who would have wanted Germany to win WWII, it would be a tough choice to make, because Hitler was the charismatic leader that glued the country together (on most accounts); however, he was making poor military decisions. It was obvious that at this point he could not win the war, yet he insisted on sending what remained of his men into battle only to be slaughtered. If Hitler could not be reasoned with, it might have been that the only option was to take him out before he doomed the entire German army, and possibly nation. I think that if the plot succeeded Germany probably would have surrendered sooner and perhaps would have gotten slightly better treatment at the hands of the Allies. I don't think that it would have been possible for Germany to regroup at that point, though, so ultimately in both situations Germany probably would not have won the war.
A)
1. America was a rich, strong nation that could assist Germany's enemies hugely. America had a huge army to deploy against Germany and Japan, and could also assist Britain and Russia, which were both fighting Germany as well. The assistance of America, Russia was able to form a new army that defeated the German army in the battle of Stalingrad, for example. America also joined forces with Britain on D-Day, making raids with bomber plains on German cities.
2. I do think that had Germany not declared war on America, the outcome of WWII might have been significantly different. Up until 1941, when Hitler declared war upon America, he was in control of most of Europe and Germany was doing very well in the war. However, after he declared war on America, he gave his other enemies the means to defeat him. Britain and Russia couldn't have done it themselves, but with America's power and assistance, the three teamed up into a far stronger unit. Without America's contribution, it is plausible that Germany could have defeated Britain and Russia.
B)
I find it hard to argue that NOT killing Hitler would be the "right" thing to do. From the perspective of Stauffenberg, I think it was the right thing to do as well. From the perspective of somebody who would have wanted Germany to win WWII, it would be a tough choice to make, because Hitler was the charismatic leader that glued the country together (on most accounts); however, he was making poor military decisions. It was obvious that at this point he could not win the war, yet he insisted on sending what remained of his men into battle only to be slaughtered. If Hitler could not be reasoned with, it might have been that the only option was to take him out before he doomed the entire German army, and possibly nation. I think that if the plot succeeded Germany probably would have surrendered sooner and perhaps would have gotten slightly better treatment at the hands of the Allies. I don't think that it would have been possible for Germany to regroup at that point, though, so ultimately in both situations Germany probably would not have won the war.
Wednesday, October 21, 2009
HW 21
HW 21 -
1. Read Hitler's Germany Chapter 10 and answer questions A-B.
1.
Rearmament: The process of expanding the armed forces of a country; in the case of Germany, building it back up after the Treaty of Versailles ruined Germany's armed forces. The army expanded from 100,000 to 300,000 men, the navy built new ships and submarines, and an air force was supposed to be built.
Remilitarization: Hitler's process of rebuilding his military into something powerful enough to attack another country (i.e., the Rhineland).
Anschluss: The union of Germany and Austria as a single, large country.
B)
1934: Hitler violated the Treaty of Versailles by rearming Germany, expanding the armed forces, starting and air force, and building new naval ships and submarines.
1935: Hitler publicly announced that there would be a compulsory military service and that the army would be built up to 550,000, causing panic amongst Germany's neighbors.
1936: Hitler ordered his army to march into the Rhineland, which violated the part of the V.T. that said Germany's armies were not to go within 50 KM of the River Rhine.
1938: Hitler began planning Anschluss, which was forbidden by the Versailles Treaty.
1. Read Hitler's Germany Chapter 10 and answer questions A-B.
1.
Rearmament: The process of expanding the armed forces of a country; in the case of Germany, building it back up after the Treaty of Versailles ruined Germany's armed forces. The army expanded from 100,000 to 300,000 men, the navy built new ships and submarines, and an air force was supposed to be built.
Remilitarization: Hitler's process of rebuilding his military into something powerful enough to attack another country (i.e., the Rhineland).
Anschluss: The union of Germany and Austria as a single, large country.
B)
1934: Hitler violated the Treaty of Versailles by rearming Germany, expanding the armed forces, starting and air force, and building new naval ships and submarines.
1935: Hitler publicly announced that there would be a compulsory military service and that the army would be built up to 550,000, causing panic amongst Germany's neighbors.
1936: Hitler ordered his army to march into the Rhineland, which violated the part of the V.T. that said Germany's armies were not to go within 50 KM of the River Rhine.
1938: Hitler began planning Anschluss, which was forbidden by the Versailles Treaty.
HW 22
HW 22 -
1. Read Hitler's Germany Chapter 11 and answer questions A-C.
2. Read Modern World History pages 77-87 and be prepared to answer the following questions in class:
1. Define "Appeasement"
2. How could appeasement be justified? Put it in historical context!
3. To what extent did appeasement help cause WWII?
4. How did Hitler use propoganda to justify his invasion of Czechoslovakia?
A)
Dearest Friend,
I write to inform you of the terrible things that are happening in Czechoslovakia; you have been gone a long time, and you do not know what suffering we are going through here. I am sorry to say that I believe Czechoslovakia is being slowly taken over by the despicable Germans and Hitler, and France and England do nothing about it! It started when the riots did; Hitler was planning to invade to stop all the riots in Sudetenland, but I believe he purposely riled up the Germans who were living there. At any rate, when we found out that the German army was gathering on the borders, of course we Czechs got ready to fight, and he backed off. I thought perhaps then we were safe; but then only months later, Hitler was practically given permission to take Sudetenland by Neville Chamberlain of Britain. The filthy appeaser! He was so frightened of what Hitler might do, that he forgot his duty to protect the sovereignty of people all over the world. He agreed with France that Hitler should indeed have our land, and our representative was never so much as consulted! I cannot describe the rage and sorrow that our country feels right now, my friend. I fear that the future hold more of this; Hitler knows now that Chamberlain will not stop him, and the greedy man already has his eyes on the rest of Czechoslovakia. I can only watch and wait and hope. I wish sincerely that things might not be so bleak for you where you are now: and for the first time, I hope that you don't come home to this ruined shadow of your beloved homeland.
Sincerely,
Rabushnygiva Vodianova
B)
1. The Nazi-Soviet Pact of 1939 - An agreement between Germany and Russia that they would not fight each other, and that they would secretly attack Poland and divide it amongst themselves. This meant that Hitler could invade the Polish Corridor without fear of attack from Russia.
2. People were likely surprised by this political maneuver because the Nazis and Communists hated each other. Hitler had spent years trying to eradicate Communists entirely from Germany, and surely the Soviet Union could not have taken kindly to this. I do not think that any country would have suspected the two to team up to work around their inability to attack Poland without retaliation from England and France; the handout describes Russia as Hitler's "hated enemy".
1. Read Hitler's Germany Chapter 11 and answer questions A-C.
2. Read Modern World History pages 77-87 and be prepared to answer the following questions in class:
1. Define "Appeasement"
2. How could appeasement be justified? Put it in historical context!
3. To what extent did appeasement help cause WWII?
4. How did Hitler use propoganda to justify his invasion of Czechoslovakia?
A)
Dearest Friend,
I write to inform you of the terrible things that are happening in Czechoslovakia; you have been gone a long time, and you do not know what suffering we are going through here. I am sorry to say that I believe Czechoslovakia is being slowly taken over by the despicable Germans and Hitler, and France and England do nothing about it! It started when the riots did; Hitler was planning to invade to stop all the riots in Sudetenland, but I believe he purposely riled up the Germans who were living there. At any rate, when we found out that the German army was gathering on the borders, of course we Czechs got ready to fight, and he backed off. I thought perhaps then we were safe; but then only months later, Hitler was practically given permission to take Sudetenland by Neville Chamberlain of Britain. The filthy appeaser! He was so frightened of what Hitler might do, that he forgot his duty to protect the sovereignty of people all over the world. He agreed with France that Hitler should indeed have our land, and our representative was never so much as consulted! I cannot describe the rage and sorrow that our country feels right now, my friend. I fear that the future hold more of this; Hitler knows now that Chamberlain will not stop him, and the greedy man already has his eyes on the rest of Czechoslovakia. I can only watch and wait and hope. I wish sincerely that things might not be so bleak for you where you are now: and for the first time, I hope that you don't come home to this ruined shadow of your beloved homeland.
Sincerely,
Rabushnygiva Vodianova
B)
1. The Nazi-Soviet Pact of 1939 - An agreement between Germany and Russia that they would not fight each other, and that they would secretly attack Poland and divide it amongst themselves. This meant that Hitler could invade the Polish Corridor without fear of attack from Russia.
2. People were likely surprised by this political maneuver because the Nazis and Communists hated each other. Hitler had spent years trying to eradicate Communists entirely from Germany, and surely the Soviet Union could not have taken kindly to this. I do not think that any country would have suspected the two to team up to work around their inability to attack Poland without retaliation from England and France; the handout describes Russia as Hitler's "hated enemy".
Monday, October 19, 2009
HW 19
HW 20 - For Tuesday, read Chapters 8 and 9 and complete questions A-B for Ch. 8 and A-C for Chapter 9.
Please bring Modern World History textbooks to class.
Chapter 8:
A)
1. This liner might have been going to the Canary Islands, one of the locations that the Nazi cruise lines went (for a price of 62 marks).
2. The people on this liner were all likely regular workers, but also very loyal, dedicated members of the Nazi party.
3. Generally these trips were inexpensive so that the average worker could afford to go, at a cost that was similar to two weeks' wages.
4. The reason that Hitler was spending money on liners when Germany had been at war for 4 years was probably that he felt one of the best ways to keep himself in power was making sure the people were happy. He had his fear tactics, which he used, but using fear exclusively to rule the people would likely mean having to constantly struggle against resistance for control. By making the workers happy, he made them more willing to serve the Nazi machine and made Germany a stronger, more unified country.
5. This picture was probably taken as propaganda, to encourage workers to put in more effort so that they could enjoy a similar cruise experience.
B)
1. This joke means that the Volkswagon company was not truly for making cars, or for the people; it was merely a front for spending more money on the military, while making it seem as if the government was doing something for the people. In fact, workers contributed the money, but not a single person got a car as the Volkswagon company was converted into a weapons company at the start of WWII.
2. This joke shows that the Germans were not ignorant of the unscrupulous things that were going on in the government, as a person might assume since they were willing to allow such terrible things to happen right under their noses. The attitude seems almost nonchalant, as if the problem is recognized but also acknowledged as unchangeable.
Chapter 9:
1.
Propaganda: A form of advertisement, the aim of which is to persuade large numbers of people to think what one wants them to think, and believe what one wants them to believe.
Rally: Gatherings that could hole up to 400,000 people, had army parades, gymnastics, choirs, brass bands, fireworks, etc. A from of propaganda to ensnare people.
Censorship: The banning of information or entertainment which the government perceives as dangerous or harmful to their cause.
2. I would think that the joke that would not be permitted would be the first joke. The second two jokes might seem slightly hostile towards the Nazis and what they did; however, the first one blatantly casts Hitler as being cruel, which the Fuhrer would not allow.
3. The pictures from chapter 4, which portray Nazi officers trying to keep people from shopping in a Jewish store, and two small Jewish children being forced to stand in front of a classroom with slander about Jews written on the board. Although surely a good number of Nazis were in favor of purification and Hitler did a good job of turning the Jews into scapegoats, some people might feel uncomfortable seeing images of innocent children being persecuted.
Please bring Modern World History textbooks to class.
Chapter 8:
A)
1. This liner might have been going to the Canary Islands, one of the locations that the Nazi cruise lines went (for a price of 62 marks).
2. The people on this liner were all likely regular workers, but also very loyal, dedicated members of the Nazi party.
3. Generally these trips were inexpensive so that the average worker could afford to go, at a cost that was similar to two weeks' wages.
4. The reason that Hitler was spending money on liners when Germany had been at war for 4 years was probably that he felt one of the best ways to keep himself in power was making sure the people were happy. He had his fear tactics, which he used, but using fear exclusively to rule the people would likely mean having to constantly struggle against resistance for control. By making the workers happy, he made them more willing to serve the Nazi machine and made Germany a stronger, more unified country.
5. This picture was probably taken as propaganda, to encourage workers to put in more effort so that they could enjoy a similar cruise experience.
B)
1. This joke means that the Volkswagon company was not truly for making cars, or for the people; it was merely a front for spending more money on the military, while making it seem as if the government was doing something for the people. In fact, workers contributed the money, but not a single person got a car as the Volkswagon company was converted into a weapons company at the start of WWII.
2. This joke shows that the Germans were not ignorant of the unscrupulous things that were going on in the government, as a person might assume since they were willing to allow such terrible things to happen right under their noses. The attitude seems almost nonchalant, as if the problem is recognized but also acknowledged as unchangeable.
Chapter 9:
1.
Propaganda: A form of advertisement, the aim of which is to persuade large numbers of people to think what one wants them to think, and believe what one wants them to believe.
Rally: Gatherings that could hole up to 400,000 people, had army parades, gymnastics, choirs, brass bands, fireworks, etc. A from of propaganda to ensnare people.
Censorship: The banning of information or entertainment which the government perceives as dangerous or harmful to their cause.
2. I would think that the joke that would not be permitted would be the first joke. The second two jokes might seem slightly hostile towards the Nazis and what they did; however, the first one blatantly casts Hitler as being cruel, which the Fuhrer would not allow.
3. The pictures from chapter 4, which portray Nazi officers trying to keep people from shopping in a Jewish store, and two small Jewish children being forced to stand in front of a classroom with slander about Jews written on the board. Although surely a good number of Nazis were in favor of purification and Hitler did a good job of turning the Jews into scapegoats, some people might feel uncomfortable seeing images of innocent children being persecuted.
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